ALLBRIGHT TECHNOLOGIES: AUTOMATIC TRANSFER SWITCH (ATS)

AUTOMATIC TRANSFER SWITCH (ATS)

Today we are going to discus about the Automatic Change Over switch also known as Automatic Transfer Switch (ATS). You might be wondering what is used for.....
ATS come in different sizes and Ampers, We can find it in the market today some are cheaper while some are expensive depending on the AMPs and the inner circuitry used by manufacturers, some are analogue while some are digital components.
In this project i will discus what you need to know about the digital Automatic Transfer Switch (ATS) and give you an idea about the circuit diagram and the programming details.

An example is given below

what's an ATS?

An ATS is an electrical device that has the ability to transfer/switch supply automatically from the primary source(public mains) to the secondary (backup generator) or solar; in the event of a power outage and retransfers power to the primary source when power is restored. MCU does the automatic switching by monitoring both the public mains and the backups.

BLOCK DIAGRAM:

CIRCUIT DIAGRAM:

PROGRAMMING:

Here we used the pic microcontroller to monitor the input (i/p) AC volt and control the relays, also the LCD helps to display what is actually happening inside microcontroller (MCU), it tells us when the voltage is normal and when is abnormal. When the protection switch is ON it means that the ATS is working with power surge protection guard it helps to protect the home appliances in other not to be damaged of high/low current.

But if the MCU sensed that the input voltage is higher than 250V or lower than 110V. Then it will switch OFF the output automatically but when the protection switch is OFF then ,the power surge is not protecting the home appliances, when the input voltage is high/low it will still be working and showing warning messages on LCD and at the same time the buzzer will be activated.

The buzzer has three different sound depending on the status of the ATS at that moment. For the generator switch relay, it will shut down the generator after 5sec. Once the MCU has sensed there is public main and then it transfer to the switch without any interruption of shutting down the generator if the public mains is higher/lower(as mentioned above) once is on the protection mode.

COMPONENTS: